Important querries about diabetes
More than two million people in the UK live with diabetes and another 750,000 people have diabetes but don’t know it. Type 1 and type 2 are the most common types of diabetes. Both are serious conditions, caused by too much glucose in your blood, which can damage your health if they're ignored or aren't treated properly.
We asked Grace Vanterpool, a diabetes consultant nurse at Hammersmith and Fulham Primary Care Trust, what she would want to know if she was diagnosed with diabetes.
Will I need injections?
The main aim of diabetes management is to keep blood glucose levels as near normal as possible. Insulin is the hormone that helps glucose from food move into your body's cells where it's used as energy. People with type 1 diabetes have no insulin in their bodies and will need insulin injections.Your doctor will put you in touch with your diabetes nurse who will teach you and assist whenever necessary. People with type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin, so a healthy diet will help them manage their condition. However, because the condition is progressive, people with type 2 diabetes may eventually need various tablets and possibly insulin.
Will I have to give up sugar?
What you eat directly affects the level of glucose, fat and salt in your blood. You'll need to cut down on sugar and sugary foods because these directly affect your blood glucose levels. By choosing a healthier diet that’s high in fibre, fruit and vegetables, and low in sugar, fat and salt, you can reduce your chance of developing complications.
You don’t need to buy special diabetic food. When you're newly diagnosed, you'll be referred to a dietitian. By sticking to your management plan, monitoring your condition and following a healthy lifestyle, you should be able continue with all the daily activities that you enjoy.
Are there foods that will be beneficial to me?
Eat regular meals based on carbohydrates. Foods such as bread, potatoes and rice will help to control your glucose levels. All varieties are fine, but wholegrain ones are best of all.
Can I still drink alcohol?
Yes, but in moderation. According to national guidelines, that means no more than 21 units of alcohol a week for men and no more than 14 units for women.
Is my weight a factor in coping with my diabetes?
If you're overweight, losing weight will help control your diabetes. Aim to lose 0.4-0.9kg (1-2lbs) a week. Try to cut down on fat. Choose low-fat dairy products and lean cuts of meat. Use low-fat cooking methods, such as grilling and baking, and skim all the fat from casseroles, stews and curries. Choose mono-unsaturated oils, such as olive oil or rapeseed oil, and aim for at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. They’re low in fat and calories and are a good source of vitamins and minerals.
How important is exercise?
Physical activity is just as important as healthy eating so make it part of your management plan. Exercise helps to regulate blood glucose levels. It also helps your insulin (the hormone that regulates the body’s metabolism) work more effectively, reduces your weight, improves your blood cholesterol and helps to prevent heart disease. Do a physical activity that makes you feel a little out of breath, but so you can still talk, for at least 30 minutes each day.
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